Diabetes Mellitus and its types

In this article we can see the most common problem among people who are crossing age thirty. It is Diabetes Mellitus generally known as sugar by common people. Living with diabetes can be a challenging burden. Approximately 77 million people in India were affected with diabetes which is the second most affected country in world after China.  One in six people (17%) in the world with diabetes is from India.

What is Diabetes Mellitus?

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in which the blood sugar levels are high due to either there is no enough insulin level in body or body fails to take insulin properly.

The pancreas which is an organ behind our stomach produces little insulin or no insulin at all. Insulin is a naturally occurring hormone, produced by the beta cells of the pancreas, which helps the body use glucose for energy

What are the types?

Type 1 (Insulin dependent)

Type 1 diabetes occurs because the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas are damaged. In this the pancreas makes little or no insulin, so glucose cannot get into the body's cells for use as energy. People with Type 1 diabetes must use insulin injections to control their blood glucose. This is the most common form of diabetes in children. Ten percent of people with diabetes are diagnosed with Type 1.

Symptoms

·         Lethargy

·         Weight loss

·         Nausea

·         Vomiting

·         Abdomen pain

·         Breath Acetone i.e. Your breath smells like nail polish remover (severe)

·         Kussmaul breathing i.e. deep labored breathing (severe)

Type 2 (Non-Insulin dependent)

In Type 2 diabetes the pancreas fails to respond to the insulin properly. Nine out of 10 people with diabetes have Type 2. This type occurs most often in people who are over 40 years old. This is caused by increased body weight and lack of exercise. It may sometimes be controlled with a combination of diet, weight management and exercise. However, treatment also may include glucose-lowering tablets or insulin injections.

Symptoms

·         Polyuria i.e. increased urine passage

·         Polyphagia i.e. increased hunger

·         Polydipsia i.e. increased thirst

·         Glycosuria i.e. Glucose in urine

·         Blurred vision

·         Weight loss

·         Slow healing

Gestational Diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes occurs when there is a high blood glucose level during pregnancy. Due to hormonal changes in pregnancy this occurs which may affect the baby

Risk factors

·         Age over 35

·         Family history of diabetes mellitus

·         Obesity

·         Lack of exercise

·         Any damage to pancreas

·         Stress

·         Menopause

Complications

·         Diabetic foot ulcer

·         Diabetic retinopathy

·         Diabetic neuropathy

·         Diabetic Nephropathy

How to know you are diabetic?

You can check your blood glucose levels by both fasting blood sugar test (FBS) and post prandial blood sugar test (PPBS). The normal range of sugar in our body is 70-110mg/dL. Normal fasting blood sugar is 72-99 mg/dL, post prandial sugar is 80-140mg/dL. GTT is 75-140mg/dl. If you have ranges more than mentioned you have diabetes.

Diabetes Management

There is no cure for diabetes, but it can be treated and controlled. You can manage it by following steps,

·         Small frequent meals

·         Avoid Alcohol

·         Avoid smoking

·         Take tablets or insulin as advised by physician

·         Exercise

·         Use comfortable sandals (Avoid walking with bare foot)

·         Self-monitoring blood glucose

This is all about diabetes mellitus. Even there are some danger signs like shakiness, sweating, chills, irritability, nausea, blurred vision, dizziness, weakness. If you find any one of the symptoms in you, please do check the doctor.

For Diet foods please refer the below link,

https://nupath2health.blogspot.com/2020/07/indian-diet-plan-for-type2-diabetes.html

For 7 day Diet plan for Diabetic , please refer the below link,

https://nupath2health.blogspot.com/2020/07/simple-7-days-diet-plan-for-diabetics.html